{"id":214,"date":"2020-03-26T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-03-25T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/orienteed.com\/\/?p=214"},"modified":"2026-06-03T16:24:56","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T14:24:56","slug":"visual-validation-with-selenium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/orienteed.com\/es\/visual-validation-with-selenium\/","title":{"rendered":"Visual Validation con Selenium"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Por validaci\u00f3n visual nos referimos a la comparaci\u00f3n de la interfaz de usuario renderizada con una l\u00ednea de base dada. En su forma m\u00e1s simple es una comparaci\u00f3n p\u00edxel a p\u00edxel de las capturas de pantalla. Si se detecta cualquier desviaci\u00f3n, la prueba fallar\u00e1. Una forma de hacer este tipo de pruebas automatizadas es utilizando una herramienta llamada <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/vinsguru\/ocular\">Ocular:<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ocular es una simple utilidad que nos ayuda a a\u00f1adir la funci\u00f3n de validaci\u00f3n visual en los marcos de automatizaci\u00f3n de pruebas existentes de WebDriver. <strong>Ocular<\/strong> usa <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/arquillian\/arquillian-rusheye\">Arquillian RushEye<\/a> para la comparaci\u00f3n de im\u00e1gen.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Setup del proyecto<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vamos a crear una prueba que compruebe las diferencias en la p\u00e1gina web de Amazon. Lo usaremos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Eclipse<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maven<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>jUnit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Selenium<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ocular<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Creamos un nuevo proyecto Maven en Eclipse y definimos el pom.xml con las dependencias necesarias:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">&lt;project  xmlns:xsi=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2001\/XMLSchema-instance\"\n  xsi:schemaLocation=\"http:\/\/maven.apache.org\/POM\/4.0.0 http:\/\/maven.apache.org\/xsd\/maven-4.0.0.xsd\"&gt;\n  &lt;modelVersion&gt;4.0.0&lt;\/modelVersion&gt;\n\n  &lt;groupId&gt;com.orienteed.qa.visual&lt;\/groupId&gt;\n  &lt;artifactId&gt;VisualValidation&lt;\/artifactId&gt;\n  &lt;version&gt;0.0.1-SNAPSHOT&lt;\/version&gt;\n  &lt;packaging&gt;jar&lt;\/packaging&gt;\n\n  &lt;name&gt;VisualValidation&lt;\/name&gt;\n  &lt;url&gt;https:\/\/www.orienteed.com&lt;\/url&gt;\n\n  &lt;properties&gt;\n    &lt;project.build.sourceEncoding&gt;UTF-8&lt;\/project.build.sourceEncoding&gt;\n  &lt;\/properties&gt;\n\n  &lt;dependencies&gt;\n    &lt;dependency&gt;\n      &lt;groupId&gt;junit&lt;\/groupId&gt;\n      &lt;artifactId&gt;junit&lt;\/artifactId&gt;\n      &lt;version&gt;4.12&lt;\/version&gt;\n      &lt;scope&gt;test&lt;\/scope&gt;\n    &lt;\/dependency&gt;\n\n&lt;dependency&gt;\n&lt;groupId&gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium&lt;\/groupId&gt;\n&lt;artifactId&gt;selenium-server&lt;\/artifactId&gt;\n&lt;version&gt;3.12.0&lt;\/version&gt;\n&lt;\/dependency&gt;\n\n&lt;dependency&gt;\n&lt;groupId&gt;com.testautomationguru.ocular&lt;\/groupId&gt;\n&lt;artifactId&gt;ocular&lt;\/artifactId&gt;\n&lt;version&gt;1.0.0.Alpha&lt;\/version&gt;\n&lt;\/dependency&gt;\n  &lt;\/dependencies&gt;\n&lt;\/project&gt;\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La estructura del c\u00f3digo de prueba es simple y est\u00e1 contenida en una sola clase. Usamos anotaciones jUnit para ejecutar m\u00e9todos que configurar\u00e1n Ocular y el WebDriver usado para ejecutar el navegador. En este ejemplo, ejecutamos la prueba en Chrome, as\u00ed que necesitamos un ChromeDriver. El ChromeDriver funciona como un puente entre Selenio y el navegador Chrome y puede ser encontrado <a href=\"http:\/\/chromedriver.chromium.org\/downloads\">aqu\u00ed<\/a>. La ubicaci\u00f3n del ejecutable del ChromeDriver debe ser especificada en una variable del sistema. Tambi\u00e9n necesitamos configurar Ocular. Configuramos la ubicaci\u00f3n de las im\u00e1genes de la l\u00ednea de base y los resultados y la configuramos para crear una nueva imagen de la l\u00ednea de base, si no existe una l\u00ednea de base de antemano. Adem\u00e1s, Ocular puede ser instruido para ignorar ciertas partes de la p\u00e1gina web. Esto puede ser \u00fatil cuando se carga contenido din\u00e1mico. En este ejemplo enmascararemos el logo de Amazon (esquina superior derecha) de la pantalla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">package com.orienteed.qa.visual.VisualValidation;\n\nimport java.io.File;\nimport java.nio.file.Path;\nimport java.nio.file.Paths;\nimport org.junit.After;\nimport org.junit.AfterClass;\nimport org.junit.Assert;\nimport org.junit.Before;\nimport org.junit.BeforeClass;\nimport org.junit.Test;\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By;\nimport org.openqa.selenium.Dimension;\nimport org.openqa.selenium.Point;\nimport org.openqa.selenium.UnexpectedAlertBehaviour;\nimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\nimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\nimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;\nimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;\nimport org.openqa.selenium.remote.CapabilityType;\n\nimport com.testautomationguru.ocular.Ocular;\nimport com.testautomationguru.ocular.comparator.OcularResult;\nimport com.testautomationguru.ocular.sample.SampleBuilder;\n\npublic class VisualValidation {\n\nprivate final static String OCULAR_SNAPSHOTS = \"src\/test\/resources\/blog\/snapshots\";\nprivate final static String OCULAR_RESULTS = \"src\/test\/resources\/blog\/results\";\nprivate final static String URL = \"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\";\nprivate final static String FIRST_TEST = \"FirstTest\";\nprivate final static String LOGO = \"nav-logo\";\n\nprivate static WebDriver driver;\n\n\n@BeforeClass\npublic static void setup() {\n        Path ocularSnapshotsPath = Paths.get(\".\", OCULAR_SNAPSHOTS);\n        File ocularSnapshotsDir = new File(ocularSnapshotsPath.toString());\n        if(!ocularSnapshotsDir.exists()) {\n        ocularSnapshotsDir.mkdirs();\n        }\n        Path ocularResultsPath = Paths.get(\".\", OCULAR_RESULTS);\n        File ocularResultsDir = new File(ocularResultsPath.toString());\n        if(!ocularResultsDir.exists()) {\n        ocularResultsDir.mkdirs();\n        }\n\nOcular.config()\n.resultPath(ocularResultsPath)\n.snapshotPath(ocularSnapshotsPath)\n.globalSimilarity(50)\n.saveSnapshot(true);\n}\n\n@Before\npublic void setupDriver() {\nChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();\noptions.addArguments(\"--incognito\", \"--disable-dev-shm-usage\");\noptions.setCapability(CapabilityType.UNEXPECTED_ALERT_BEHAVIOUR, UnexpectedAlertBehaviour.DISMISS);\n\nSystem.setProperty(\"webdriver.chrome.driver\", \"bin\/chromedriver_win32\/chromedriver.exe\");\ndriver = new ChromeDriver(options);\ndriver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));\ndriver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1400, 1000));\n}\n\npublic OcularResult compare(String snapshotName, WebElement... elements) {\nPath snapshotPath = Paths.get(snapshotName + \".png\");\nSampleBuilder builder = Ocular.snapshot().from(snapshotPath)\n                     .sample().using(driver);\nfor (WebElement element : elements) {\nif (null != element) {\nbuilder = builder.excluding(element);\n}\n}\nreturn builder.compare();\n    }\n\n@Test\npublic void runFirstTest() {\ndriver.get(URL);\nString snapshotName = FIRST_TEST;\nWebElement logo = driver.findElement(By.id(LOGO));\nOcularResult result = compare(snapshotName, logo);\nSystem.out.println(snapshotName + \" \" + result);\nAssert.assertTrue(result.isEqualsImages());\n} \n\n@After\npublic void cleanUp() {\ndriver.close();\n}\n\n@AfterClass\npublic static void tearDown() throws Exception {\ndriver.quit();\n}\n}\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Resultados<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para mostrar la funcionalidad de la prueba, hemos creado una imagen de base ejecutando la prueba una vez y haciendo que Ocular genere una captura de pantalla. Luego hemos editado la captura de pantalla para crear diferencias artificiales que se destacar\u00e1n en la segunda ejecuci\u00f3n. A continuaci\u00f3n se muestra la captura de pantalla de la l\u00ednea de base editada junto con los resultados de la segunda ejecuci\u00f3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-54097\" title=\"FirstTest.png\" src=\"\/\/images.ctfassets.net\/x4we65bqi45q\/297FqYKERGsTotHxuk9AU6\/781a636465eb7dfe47abc4fb8732b98e\/FirstTest.png\" alt=\"FirstTest.png\" width=\"1384\" height=\"868\">Instant\u00e1nea de la interfaz de usuario de Amazon.com, utilizada como l\u00ednea de base. Hemos a\u00f1adido ciertos elementos a la p\u00e1gina.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-54098\" title=\"FirstTest-1.png\" src=\"\/\/images.ctfassets.net\/x4we65bqi45q\/76tAsRIO1qLfm8bbAEzxXx\/6ac00b5125fe52390229221bdae6919e\/FirstTest-1.png\" alt=\"FirstTest-1.png\" width=\"1384\" height=\"868\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Resultados de la comparaci\u00f3n entre la l\u00ednea de base y la captura de pantalla actual. Noten las diferencias resaltadas en rojo. Noten tambi\u00e9n que el logo de la Amazonia ha sido enmascarado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ocular genera una imagen de resultado que resalta las diferencias entre la imagen de la l\u00ednea de base y la captura de pantalla actual. Este resultado est\u00e1 en blanco y negro con las diferencias resaltadas en rojo. El rect\u00e1ngulo azul abarca todas las diferencias que fueron descubiertas. Noten c\u00f3mo el logo de Amazon est\u00e1 enmascarado por una forma rectangular negra. Una nota lateral interesante es que hay una ligera diferencia en la ubicaci\u00f3n de las categor\u00edas que aparecen en la parte superior de la p\u00e1gina. Esta es una diferencia real entre las dos cargas de la portada de Amazon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hemos visto c\u00f3mo incorporar la Validaci\u00f3n Visual en un entorno de pruebas de Selenio QA usando la herramienta Ocular. Esto puede a\u00f1adir un gran valor al conjunto de pruebas de su equipo y ayudar a detectar discrepancias en la interfaz de usuario que son dif\u00edciles de descubrir utilizando el valor tradicional. Concluiremos con algunos consejos y trucos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00bfQu\u00e9 tan estable es el sitio a ser probado? La interfaz de usuario altamente vol\u00e1til ser\u00e1 muy dif\u00edcil de probar de esta manera.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cuando use Ocular, aseg\u00farese de que los niveles de zoom del navegador y del sistema operativo est\u00e9n ajustados al 100%. De lo contrario, puede experimentar discrepancias al tratar de localizar elementos espec\u00edficos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Durante las pruebas automatizadas con Selenio es importante asegurarse de que un sitio est\u00e9 completamente cargado antes de ejecutar las pruebas. Por razones obvias, esto es absolutamente crucial para la validaci\u00f3n visual.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Encontrar cada elemento din\u00e1mico (identificaci\u00f3n del pedido, fecha, anuncio de comercializaci\u00f3n, &#8230;) y enmascararlo, ignor\u00e1ndolo efectivamente al comparar las capturas de pantalla.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ocular permite establecer un umbral antes de fallar una prueba. Esto puede dar cierta flexibilidad y estabilidad a la ejecuci\u00f3n de la prueba.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: -5px; top: 3379.67px;\">\n<div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-766c474e\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns alignfull has-1-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-equal-layout has-vertical-unset has-light-bg\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-90d47fbe\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-d3ee70fd\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns has-1-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-equal-layout has-vertical-unset\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-435148ce\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-font-awesome-icons-2cb6454f\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-font-awesome-icons\"><span class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-font-awesome-icons-container\"><i class=\"fas fa-store\"><\/i><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-heading-6b9eba4d\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-heading wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-heading-6b9eba4d\">\u00bfNecesitas desarrollar o migrar tu ecommerce?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:24px\">Cont\u00e1ctanos hoy aqu\u00ed para empezar juntos un proyecto incre\u00edble.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-button-group-d9752f49\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-button-group wp-block-buttons align-center-desktop\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-button-7db3b5d3\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-button wp-block-button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orienteed.com\/contacto\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"wp-block-button__link\"><span>Contactar<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Por validaci\u00f3n visual nos referimos a la comparaci\u00f3n de la interfaz de usuario renderizada con una l\u00ednea de base dada. En este art\u00edculo te lo contamos todo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1652,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[151],"tags":[221,4],"class_list":["post-214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-validacion-visual","tag-selenium","tag-websphere-commerce"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Por validaci\u00f3n visual nos referimos a la comparaci\u00f3n de la interfaz de usuario renderizada con una l\u00ednea de base dada. 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