{"id":214,"date":"2020-03-26T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-03-25T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/orienteed.com\/\/?p=214"},"modified":"2026-06-03T16:24:56","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T14:24:56","slug":"visual-validation-selenium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/orienteed.com\/en\/visual-validation-with-selenium\/","title":{"rendered":"Visual Validation with Selenium"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">By Visual Validation we mean the comparison of the rendered user interface to a given baseline. In its most simplistic form it is a pixel-by-pixel comparison of screenshots. If any deviation is detected, the test will fail. One way to do this kind of automated testing is by utilizing a tool called <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/vinsguru\/ocular\">Ocular:<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ocular is a simple utility which helps us to add the visual validation feature into the existing WebDriver test automation frameworks. <strong>Ocular<\/strong> uses <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/arquillian\/arquillian-rusheye\">Arquillian RushEye<\/a> for the actual image comparison.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Project setup<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We are going to create a test that checks Amazon's home page for differences. We will use:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Eclipse<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maven<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>jUnit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Selenium<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ocular<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We create a new Maven project in Eclipse and define the pom.xml with the dependencies needed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">&lt;project  xmlns:xsi=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2001\/XMLSchema-instance\"\n  xsi:schemaLocation=\"http:\/\/maven.apache.org\/POM\/4.0.0 http:\/\/maven.apache.org\/xsd\/maven-4.0.0.xsd\"&gt;\n  &lt;modelVersion&gt;4.0.0&lt;\/modelVersion&gt;\n\n  &lt;groupId&gt;com.orienteed.qa.visual&lt;\/groupId&gt;\n  &lt;artifactId&gt;VisualValidation&lt;\/artifactId&gt;\n  &lt;version&gt;0.0.1-SNAPSHOT&lt;\/version&gt;\n  &lt;packaging&gt;jar&lt;\/packaging&gt;\n\n  &lt;name&gt;VisualValidation&lt;\/name&gt;\n  &lt;url&gt;https:\/\/www.orienteed.com&lt;\/url&gt;\n\n  &lt;properties&gt;\n    &lt;project.build.sourceEncoding&gt;UTF-8&lt;\/project.build.sourceEncoding&gt;\n  &lt;\/properties&gt;\n\n  &lt;dependencies&gt;\n    &lt;dependency&gt;\n      &lt;groupId&gt;junit&lt;\/groupId&gt;\n      &lt;artifactId&gt;junit&lt;\/artifactId&gt;\n      &lt;version&gt;4.12&lt;\/version&gt;\n      &lt;scope&gt;test&lt;\/scope&gt;\n    &lt;\/dependency&gt;\n\n&lt;dependency&gt;\n&lt;groupId&gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium&lt;\/groupId&gt;\n&lt;artifactId&gt;selenium-server&lt;\/artifactId&gt;\n&lt;version&gt;3.12.0&lt;\/version&gt;\n&lt;\/dependency&gt;\n\n&lt;dependency&gt;\n&lt;groupId&gt;com.testautomationguru.ocular&lt;\/groupId&gt;\n&lt;artifactId&gt;ocular&lt;\/artifactId&gt;\n&lt;version&gt;1.0.0.Alpha&lt;\/version&gt;\n&lt;\/dependency&gt;\n  &lt;\/dependencies&gt;\n&lt;\/project&gt;\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The structure of the test code is simple and contained within a single class. We use jUnit annotations to execute methods that will configure Ocular and the WebDriver used to run the browser. In this example, we execute the test in Chrome, so we need a ChromeDriver. The ChromeDriver works as a bridge between Selenium and the Chrome browser and it can be found <a href=\"http:\/\/chromedriver.chromium.org\/downloads\">here<\/a>The location of the ChromeDriver executable needs to be specified in a system variable. We also need to configure Ocular. We set the location of the baseline images and the results and set it to create a new baseline image, if a baseline does not exists beforehand. Furthermore, Ocular can be instructed to ignore certain parts of the web page. This can be useful where dynamic content is loaded. In this example we will mask out the logo of Amazon (top right corner) of the screen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">package com.orienteed.qa.visual.VisualValidation;\n\nimport java.io.File;\nimport java.nio.file.Path;\nimport java.nio.file.Paths;\nimport org.junit.After;\nimport org.junit.AfterClass;\nimport org.junit.Assert;\nimport org.junit.Before;\nimport org.junit.BeforeClass;\nimport org.junit.Test;\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By;\nimport org.openqa.selenium.Dimension;\nimport org.openqa.selenium.Point;\nimport org.openqa.selenium.UnexpectedAlertBehaviour;\nimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\nimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\nimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;\nimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;\nimport org.openqa.selenium.remote.CapabilityType;\n\nimport com.testautomationguru.ocular.Ocular;\nimport com.testautomationguru.ocular.comparator.OcularResult;\nimport com.testautomationguru.ocular.sample.SampleBuilder;\n\npublic class VisualValidation {\n\nprivate final static String OCULAR_SNAPSHOTS = \"src\/test\/resources\/blog\/snapshots\";\nprivate final static String OCULAR_RESULTS = \"src\/test\/resources\/blog\/results\";\nprivate final static String URL = \"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\";\nprivate final static String FIRST_TEST = \"FirstTest\";\nprivate final static String LOGO = \"nav-logo\";\n\nprivate static WebDriver driver;\n\n\n@BeforeClass\npublic static void setup() {\n        Path ocularSnapshotsPath = Paths.get(\".\", OCULAR_SNAPSHOTS);\n        File ocularSnapshotsDir = new File(ocularSnapshotsPath.toString());\n        if(!ocularSnapshotsDir.exists()) {\n        ocularSnapshotsDir.mkdirs();\n        }\n        Path ocularResultsPath = Paths.get(\".\", OCULAR_RESULTS);\n        File ocularResultsDir = new File(ocularResultsPath.toString());\n        if(!ocularResultsDir.exists()) {\n        ocularResultsDir.mkdirs();\n        }\n\nOcular.config()\n.resultPath(ocularResultsPath)\n.snapshotPath(ocularSnapshotsPath)\n.globalSimilarity(50)\n.saveSnapshot(true);\n}\n\n@Before\npublic void setupDriver() {\nChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();\noptions.addArguments(\"--incognito\", \"--disable-dev-shm-usage\");\noptions.setCapability(CapabilityType.UNEXPECTED_ALERT_BEHAVIOUR, UnexpectedAlertBehaviour.DISMISS);\n\nSystem.setProperty(\"webdriver.chrome.driver\", \"bin\/chromedriver_win32\/chromedriver.exe\");\ndriver = new ChromeDriver(options);\ndriver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));\ndriver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1400, 1000));\n}\n\npublic OcularResult compare(String snapshotName, WebElement... elements) {\nPath snapshotPath = Paths.get(snapshotName + \".png\");\nSampleBuilder builder = Ocular.snapshot().from(snapshotPath)\n                     .sample().using(driver);\nfor (WebElement element : elements) {\nif (null != element) {\nbuilder = builder.excluding(element);\n}\n}\nreturn builder.compare();\n    }\n\n@Test\npublic void runFirstTest() {\ndriver.get(URL);\nString snapshotName = FIRST_TEST;\nWebElement logo = driver.findElement(By.id(LOGO));\nOcularResult result = compare(snapshotName, logo);\nSystem.out.println(snapshotName + \" \" + result);\nAssert.assertTrue(result.isEqualsImages());\n} \n\n@After\npublic void cleanUp() {\ndriver.close();\n}\n\n@AfterClass\npublic static void tearDown() throws Exception {\ndriver.quit();\n}\n}\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Results at a glance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In order to show the functionality of the test, we have created a baseline image by running the test once and having Ocular generate a screenshot. Then we have edited the screenshot to create artificial differences that will be highlighted in the second execution. The following is the edited baseline screenshot along with the results from the second execution:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-54097\" title=\"FirstTest.png\" src=\"\/\/images.ctfassets.net\/x4we65bqi45q\/297FqYKERGsTotHxuk9AU6\/781a636465eb7dfe47abc4fb8732b98e\/FirstTest.png\" alt=\"FirstTest.png\" width=\"1384\" height=\"868\">Snapshot of the user interface of Amazon.com, used as a baseline. We have added certain elements to the page.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-54098\" title=\"FirstTest-1.png\" src=\"\/\/images.ctfassets.net\/x4we65bqi45q\/76tAsRIO1qLfm8bbAEzxXx\/6ac00b5125fe52390229221bdae6919e\/FirstTest-1.png\" alt=\"FirstTest-1.png\" width=\"1384\" height=\"868\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Results of the comparison between the baseline and the current screenshot. Notice differences highlighted in red. Notice also that the Amazon logo has been masked out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ocular generates a result image that highlights the differences between the baseline image and the current screenshot. This result is in black and white with the differences highlighted in red. The blue rectangular encompasses all the differences that were discovered. Notice how the logo of Amazon is masked out by a black rectangular shape. An interesting side note is that there is a slight difference in the location of the categories listed at the top of the page. This is a real difference between the two loads of Amazon's front page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We have seen how to incorporate Visual Validation into a Selenium QA testing environment by using the Ocular tool. This can add great value to your team's test suite and help to catch discrepancies in the user interface that are difficult to discover by using traditional value. We will conclude with a few tips and tricks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How stable is the site to be tested? Highly volatile user interface will prove very difficult to test in this way.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When using Ocular ensure that zoom levels of the browser and the operating system are set to 100%. Otherwise you can experience discrepancies when trying to locate specific elements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>During automated testing with Selenium it is important to ensure that a site is fully loaded before executing tests. For obvious reasons this is absolutely crucial for Visual Validation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Find each dynamic element (orderID, date, marketing spot, ...) and mask it, effectively ignoring it when comparing screenshots.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ocular allows for a threshold to be set before failing a test. This can give some flexibility and stability to test execution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: -5px; top: 3379.67px;\">\n<div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-766c474e\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns alignfull has-1-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-equal-layout has-vertical-unset has-light-bg\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-90d47fbe\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-d3ee70fd\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns has-1-columns has-desktop-equal-layout has-tablet-equal-layout has-mobile-equal-layout has-vertical-unset\"><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-columns-overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"innerblocks-wrap\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column-435148ce\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-column\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-font-awesome-icons-2cb6454f\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-font-awesome-icons\"><span class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-font-awesome-icons-container\"><i class=\"fas fa-store\"><\/i><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-heading-6b9eba4d\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-heading wp-block-themeisle-blocks-advanced-heading-6b9eba4d\">Do you need to develop or migrate your ecommerce?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:24px\">Contact us today here to start an incredible project together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-button-group-d9752f49\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-button-group wp-block-buttons align-center-desktop\">\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-button-7db3b5d3\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-button wp-block-button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orienteed.com\/en\/contact-us\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"wp-block-button__link\"><span>Contact<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this post we share an example of how Visual Validation can be integrated into a Selenium QA project in Java.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1652,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[151],"tags":[221,4],"class_list":["post-214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-validacion-visual","tag-selenium","tag-websphere-commerce"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Por validaci\u00f3n visual nos referimos a la comparaci\u00f3n de la interfaz de usuario renderizada con una l\u00ednea de base dada. 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